According to the American Cancer Society, nearly 13 million Americans are diagnosed with cancer each year, and so it’s no surprise that most of us have known someone who’s suffered from this difficult and often deadly disease. Many pet owners, too, have faced this disease, with an estimated six million cases diagnosed annually in cats and dogs, as reported by the National Cancer Institute. In fact, pets can suffer from the exact same types of cancers as we humans.

Cancer itself is the result of irregular DNA, which then causes irregular cells that continue to replicate without regulation. There is a long list of causes for irregular DNA, but some of the most common include simple genetics, hormones, infections, radiation and even medications.

Cancer in animals does not discriminate based on age, sex or breed. However, some breeds are predisposed to develop certain types of cancer, as these are often hereditary. For example rottweilers, great Danes and Irish wolfhounds are some of the more common breeds to develop osteosarcoma (bone cancer). Golden retrieves, Labrador retrievers, and boxers are some commonly found to have hemangiosarcoma of the spleen (tumors of the spleen) that may also spread to the heart. Cats, on the other hand, do not have as many breeds predisposed to cancer; however, purebred cats appear to be more strongly represented. Some of the most common cancer symptoms noted among canine and feline patients include increased drinking/urination, loss of appetite, sudden collapse/weakness, fever, vomiting, or lymph node enlargement. If your pet shows any of these symptoms, be sure to have it seen immediately by his/her veterinarian.

There are a number of tests required, first to diagnose the type of cancer and secondly its stage, just as with people. The most common tests include a complete blood count, chemistry analysis, urine sample, feline snap test for FIV/FELV (cats only), X-rays, ultrasound, aspirates or biopsies. These tests help you and your vet get a full picture of what is going on so you can formulate the best medical therapy plan. In some cases, patients may require surgery to remove tumors or masses either on the skin, bone, or an internal organ. In some instances your veterinarian may refer you to a veterinary oncology specialist or other specialty service to better assess your pet’s condition.

Some treatment plan options may include a series of injectable chemotherapy drugs, oral chemotherapy drugs, radiation, surgery, or even a combination of all the above. Unfortunately, some patients suffering from advanced stages of cancer may show no improvement from medications, and surgery may be prohibited. In these situations, veterinary hospice/palliative care may be considered. You and your veterinarian can determine the best course of action for your pets and assess what you both feel gives them the best quality of life. The most important thing is that you keep in mind what is best for your pet, and sometimes that may not always be the best thing for you.

[Dr. D’Abbraccio can be reached at Catskill Veterinary Services or by emailing jdabbracciodvm@icloud.com.]